It is a very diversified region considering its geologic structure and relief. It consists of rocks of Cretaceous, Jurassic and Tertiary origin. There is a limestone layer, created as a result of sea transgression, covered by a thick strata of loess in the southern part of this region. The average height of this region amounts to 200 – 300 m asl, only in the Swietokrzyskie Mountains the highest peaks reach 600 m (Lysica range – 612 m asl).

A watershed of Oder and Vistula runs through the north-west of the region.

The climate of Wyzyna Malopolska is diverse, cooler and more moist in the area of Swietokrzyskie Mountains. The yearly average temperature equals 7,5°C and in the area of an old formation it is on average 1-2°C cooler. The yearly rainfall amounts to 800 mm in the mountains and to 550 mm in the valley of the Nida river.

The largest forest complexes in this region are located only in its northern part, where the terrain is covered by the Swietokrzyski Primeval Forest. The dominant tree species are firs, pines, beeches and spruces. Swietokrzyski National Park as well as 8 landscape parks and 50 nature reserves can be found within the borders of  Malopolska Upland.

The  region of Wyzyna Malopolska (Lesser Poland Upland) is divided into 3 macroregions: Wyzyna Przedborska (Przedborska Upland), Niecka Nidzianska (Nida Trough) and Wyżyna  Kielecka (Kielecka Upland).

Wyzyna Przedborska (Przedborska Upland) stretches on the area of 5,3 thousand sq km in the basin of the Pilica river. The relief of the region consists mostly of Jurassic limestone and Cretaceous sandstone covered mostly with Quaternary sands and clay. The landscape of this sub-region is a transitional landscape between lowlands and uplands. The maximum heights in this part of Wyzyna Malopolska reach 300 m asl, the highest peak is 351 meters high (Przedborsko-Malgoskie mountain range). Forests cover a large area in this province.

Niecka Nidzianska (Nida Trough) occupies an area of 4,7 thousand sq km. It is a wide hollow, cutting the valley of the Nida river from the North to the South. The soil consists mainly of Tertiary rocks (marl, limestone, plaster) covered by Quaternary sands and clay and in the south-western part of the region additionally by a layer of loess. The highest peak in this region is Biała Góra (416 m asl.) and the average height ranges from 200 m to 300 m asl. A steppe vegetation can be found within the borders of this province and is protected in a couple of nature reserves.

Wyzyna Kielecka (Kielecka Upland) is located in the eastern part of Wyzyna Malopolska on the area of 6,7 thousand sq km. It is an upland consisting of sandstone hills and valleys. The heights of the hills vary from 200 to 400 meters asl, only in the area of Swietokrzyskie Mountains the peaks reach 600 m asl. (Lysica Range – 612 m asl). It is the highest part of Kielecka Upland. There are large forest complexes (a part of Swietokrzyski Primeval Forest) located in the northern part of the province.