The continental climate of the region is characterized by long and frosty winters and high temperatures during summer. The average amount of rainfall during the year exceeds 550 mm. 

The area of Wysoczyzny Podlasko – Bialoruskie is divided into 4 macroregions: Wysoczyzna Minska, Poniemnie, Northern Podlasia Lowland and Przedpolesie Zachodnie. Only one of these regions – Northern Podlasia Lowland (16 thousand sq km) – lies within Polish borders. Many hills in this area are split by numerous river-beds. The largest hills in the mezoregion of Sokolskie Hills reach 238 meters asl. Especially valuable terrains in this region are peat bogs and marshes in the valley of river Biebrza and a large forest complex of primeval forest in Bialowieza.

There are 8 mezoregions in borders of Podlasia and Belarus Plateaux: Wysoczyzna Kolnenska, Valley of River Biebrza, Wysoczyzna Bialostocka, Sokolskie Hills, Wysoczyzna Wysokomazowiecka, Valley of Upper Narew, Bielskie Plains and Wysoczyzna Drohiczynska.

Wysoczyzna Kolnenska (Kolnenska Plateaux) 1600 sq km, broad valleys with small slopes, dominant fields.

Valley of Biebrza 2600 sq km, area protected as a Biebrza National Park, dominant forests and marshes.

Wysoczyzna Bialostocka (Bialostocka Plateaux) 3560 sq km, many hills (some over 200 m asl – like Mountain of St. John – 214 m) as well as extensive forests with many nature reserves.

Sokolskie Hills 1300 sq km, with many high morainic hills. The highest peaks reach 236 and 238 m asl.

Wysoczyzna Wysokomazowiecka (Wysokomazowiecka Plateaux) 2430 sq km, with wavy relief and extensive agriculture.

Valley of the Upper Narew River 480 sq km, the bottom of the valley is marshy with meandering and forking river.

Rownina Bielska (Bielska Plain) 2800 sq km, watershed of Narew and Bug runs through the plain. Area mostly agricultural.

Wysoczyzna Drohiczynska 1560 sq km, covered mostly with fields and scattered forests with hills as high as 200 m asl.