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Site code
PLH 220001
English name:
Izbickie Marshes
Pobrzeza Poludniowobaltyckie
Bagna Izbickie
Area description
Bagna Izbickie spread over flat land. Seemingly there are ordinary meadows, not even worth visiting. Moreover, just beside we can find the Slowinski National Park so that Bagna Izbickie are overshadowed by this giant. However there are a few reasons to pay attention to this place. It was these particular values which made Bagna Izbickie one of the Sites of Community Importance within European Ecological Natura 2000 Network.

Location
Described area is located near the Slowinski National Park, south to village Izbica, in a preglacial stream valley of Leba, between Leba and Smoldzino, in the Pomorskie voivodship.

Special values
The site encompasses areas very valuable in terms of nature - complexes of Atlantic moors with cross-leaved heath, transitional-peaty communities, bushes of sweetgale and a plant unique in European scale - bastard-toadflax. Everything is surrounded by diverse woods and marsh forests.

Landscape
The landscape is dominated by wide plains densely overgrown with green plants and encircled by a line of forests. Here and there appear hollows in shape of little valleys, often filled with peat moss which indicates a high level of ground water. Such little valleys may be remnants of excavating peat many years ago. Among monotonous marsh bushes occur moist meadows called purple moorgrass. At the edges grow marsh forests, with birch, pine, peatmoss and sedge.

Ecosystem
A relatively rich ecosystem of the site consists of a few different kinds of habitats. It must be remembered that area of Bagna Cieminskie, encompassing Bagna Izbickie, used to be intensely exploited. Excavating peat, which used to be a common occupation of the locals, left a mosaic of causeways and overgrown former peat excavation ponds. Currently we can distinguish a few communities:

  • Moist moors, dominated by cross-leaved heath and wild rosemary, have preserved in natural condition only fragmentarily. It is one of the last stages of succession of peaty vegatation in the process of freezing of Łebsko Lake's shores. As we approach the drier ground specific composition changes from ericetum tetralicis. Gradually there is more peatmosses and sedges, more often we can spot clumps of grey willows, among which often grow purple small-reed. There is also wild rosemary and sweetgale which dominates in places, forming lush concentrations.
  • Sphagnetalia magellanici.  In upper parts of the area hollows become filled with water and peaty valleys are formed. Because of poor trophic conditions here develop mostly peatmosses. Here and there flow peat moss which, but there also grow round-leaved sundew, sheathed cottonsedge and cranberry.
  • Purple moorgrass meadows of changeable moisture. A type of meadows characteristic for post-mire areas. Depending on moistness of the ground specific composition of a habitat is changing. In the biggest number appear purple moorgrass, soft rush, tufted hair-grass. In some places there are many marsh marigolds, campions, marsh cinqufoils, sedges and grasses.
  • Marsh forests and woods. Forests growing on the edges of great marshes are to a big extent marshy. These communities were formed mostly on drained pieces of peat bogs, on the edges of peatlands and flat boggy shores of the lake. On peat of high thickness pine woods have developed. They consist mostly of pine, with few downy and European white birches. Low shrubs occur in the undergrow: wild rosemary, crossed-leaved heath and sheathed cottonsedge. In brushwood there are peatmosses and a few species of forest mosses. Marsh birch grove occur in highly boggy, temporarily flooded places. It develops on transitional peat bogs, sporadically on podzolic soil. There is plenty of pine trees - planted years ago - as well as downy and European white birch, eared willow, sweetgale, sparsely alders, in large numbers sedges, grasses and mosses.
  • Acidophilic oak trees. Especially valuable, though preserved only fragmentarily, they occur in single sites. In the past such oak forests grew over wide stretches of the Gardensko-Lebska Lowland. Today, due to deforestation, they remain only on the edges of forests or as interfield enclaves. The stand is mostly built by English oak with an admixture of beech and birch. In brushwood there is rowan, buckthorn, sometimes hazel. There are numerous grasses: wavy hair-grass, smooth-stalked meadowgrass, holcuses, cocksfoot. The regulars are false lily of the valley, lily of the valley, Solomon's seal, three-veined sandwort, wood-sorrel and others. Mosses are not a significant group.

Fauna
Inaccessible areas of Bagna Izbickie are dominion of birds. You can often hear bugle-calls of cranes and many little birds fly over bushes. If we find ourselves on a road through a causeway crossing Bagna Izbickie with a bit of luck we can spot reed bunting, linnet, bunting, whinchat, tree pipit, red-backed shrike, common whitethroat and willow warbler.

This zone is also a mainstay of Montagu's harrier and red kite. Not long ago one could meet quail, whinchat, marsh warbler or grasshopper warbler but that times are slowly passing. Currently these areas are inhabited mostly by larks and thrush nightingales. On paths and marshes around a careful observer may spot butterflies: moorland clouded yellow and dryad. On wide plains you can see deer and roe deer as well as wild pigs. From smaller animals an otter is worth mentioning.

Threats
Both Bagna Izbickie and other swamps and peatlands of the Gardensko-Lebska Lowland are in danger of draining. Melioration works conducted years ago, though already finished, have left permanent traces. Many areas are overdrained, other mouldered, on others birch trees grow expansively. Purple moorgrass meadows vegetation is squeezed out by clumps of bulrush. Other important factor are fires which frequently happen in the area. Tourist traffic does not pose a serious threat, although on areas located directly by communication routes anthropopression changes may take place.  

Environmental protection
Only a little part of Bagna Izbickie is under strict protection. Bagna Izbickie Reserve covers the area of 281,18  ha. It is located south of the Lebsko Lake, in direct neighbourhood of the Slowinski National Park, in the Pomorskie voivodship.

Dariusz Pawlowski