The landscape is dominated by plains cut by rivers and valleys. Heights reach 100-200 m asl.
The average yearly temperature decreases eastwards as it is influenced by the continental climate. Western part of the region stays under the influence of the oceanic climate. The yearly rainfall is relatively low (450-550 mm) and is one of the lowest in Poland as the lowlands are surrounded by higher terrains.

The most precious, in an environmental aspect, part of the region is Nizina Srodkowomazowiecka (Central Masovian Lowland). Kampinoski National Park and four others landscape parks are located within its borders.

Central Polish Lowlands are divided into 8 macroregions: Nizina Poludniowowielkopolska, Obnizenie Milicko-Glogowskie, Wal Trzebnicki, Nizina Slaska, Nizina Polnocnomazowiecka, Nizina Srodkowomazowiecka, Wzniesienia Poludniowomazowieckie and Nizina Poludniowopodlaska.

Nizina Poludniowowielkopolska (Southern Greater Poland Lowland) is located on the area of 17 thousand sq km. This province is not much environmentally diversified. It consists mainly of flat Plateaux cut through by the river valleys. There are salt and coal mines in this region.

Obnizenie Milicko-Glogowskie covers the area of 3 thousand sq km. It consists of hills and plateaux and lowers from the east to the west from 120 m to 70 m asl.

Wal Trzebnicki (3,2 thousand sq km) is a longitudinal range of hills with peaks reaching 200-250 m asl. The forests in this region consist of species found rather on highlands (beech forests with firs and spruces) thanks to the high yearly rainfall (over 600 mm).

Nizina Slaska (Silesian Lowland) stretches on both shores of the Odra river on the area of 12,7 thousand sq km. The climate of this region is one of the warmest in Poland thanks to the vicinity of the Sudety mountains. There are also significantly big forest complexes in this region.

Nizina Polnocnomazowiecka (Northern Masovian Lowland) occupies the area of 14,2 thousand sq km. It consists of Plateaux cut through by the rivers Narew and Wkra.

Nizina Srodkowomazowiecka (Central Masovian Lowland) (13,1 thousand sq km) is the lowest part of Central Polish Lowlands. The heights reach 140 m with the average of 60 m asl. The forests are mixed or consist mainly of pines.

Wzniesienie Poludniowomazowieckie (10,5 thousand sq km.) The heights in this region reach over 250 m asl. Thanks to that the climate in this province is cooler and more moist than in remaining  Polish lowlands.

Nizina Poludniowopodlaska (Southern Podlasia Lowland) is located on the area of 10,5 thousand sq km. The average heights in this region reach 150 to 200 m asl. The average yearly temperature is 1º lower than in lowlands located further to west.